area, probably in magical practices. The hoopoe is listed in Lev. 11:19; Deut. 14:18 as nonpermitted food. However, understanding the Hebrew word differently, the Karaites traditionally refrained from eating chicken. JESPER SVARTVIK While modern connotations include shades of uncertainty associated with a desired outcome (akin to “wishful thinking”), the biblical understanding of hope is a much deeper concept that contributes significantly to the worldview of biblical faith. Included are an